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Cortland County, New York

Coordinates: 42°36′N 76°04′W / 42.60°N 76.07°W / 42.60; -76.07
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Cortland County
County
Cortland County Courthouse
Cortland County Courthouse
Flag of Cortland County
Flag
Official seal of Cortland County
Seal
Map of New York highlighting Cortland County
Location within the U.S. state of New York
Map of the United States highlighting New York
New York's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 42°36′00″N 76°04′00″W / 42.6°N 76.0667°W / 42.6; -76.0667
Country United States
State New York
Founded1808
Named forPierre Van Cortlandt
SeatCortland
Largest cityCortland
Area
 • Total
502 sq mi (1,300 km2)
 • Land499 sq mi (1,290 km2)
 • Water2.8 sq mi (7 km2)  0.5%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
46,809[1]
 • Density93.8/sq mi (36.2/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district19th
Websitewww.cortland-co.org

Cortland County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population of Cortland County was 46,809.[2] The county seat is Cortland.[3] The county is named after Pierre Van Cortlandt, president of the convention at Kingston that wrote the first New York State Constitution in 1777, and first lieutenant governor of the state. The county is part of the Central New York region of the state.

Cortland County comprises the Cortland, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Ithaca–Cortland, NY Combined Statistical Area.

The Cortland apple is named for the county.[4]

History

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Early history

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Located in the glaciated Appalachian Plateau area of Central New York, midway between Syracuse and Binghamton, this predominantly rural county is the southeastern gateway to the Finger Lakes Region. Scattered archaeological evidence indicates the Iroquois also known as the Haudenosaunee controlled the area beginning about AD 1500.

What was to become Cortland County remained within Indian territory until the American Revolution. It became part of the Military Tract, when, in 1781, more than 1¼ million acres (5,100 km2) were set aside by the State's Legislature to compensate two regiments formed to protect the State's western section from the English and their Iroquois allies, at the close of the Revolution. To encourage settlement in the upstate isolated wilderness, the State constructed a road from Oxford through Cortland County to Cayuga Lake in 1792–94. This, and construction of privately financed roads, were the major impetus to settlement.

When counties were established in New York in 1683, the present Cortland County was part of Albany County, which encompassed the northern part of New York and all of the present State of Vermont, as well as indeterminate territory to west. On March 12, 1772, present day Cortland County became part of Tryon County, named for William Tryon, colonial governor of New York. In 1784, following the peace treaty that ended the American Revolutionary War, the name of the county was changed to honor General Richard Montgomery, who had captured several places in Canada and died attempting to capture the city of Quebec, thus replacing the name of the locally unpopular British governor. Present day Cortland County became part of Herkimer County in 1791, then became a part of Onondaga County when it split from Herkimer in 1794. Cortland County was formed by the splitting of Onondaga County in 1808.

Settlement of the county

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Eastern New Yorkers and New Englanders, wanting new land to farm, welcomed the opening of this frontier. The first white settlement in the county was made in 1791 by Amos Todd, Joseph Beebe and Rhoda Todd Beebe, emigrants from Connecticut who paddled up the Tioughnioga River from Windsor, to live near the head of navigation in the Town of Homer. Following them came a flood of settlers who, in 1808, petitioned the State Legislature for county status. Thus, Cortland County was created from the southern half of Onondaga County as part of the Boston Ten Towns on April 8, 1808, and was named in honor of the Pierre Van Cortlandt family - Pierre, Sr. having been the first lieutenant governor of the state.

Nineteenth century

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The Cortland variety of apple is named for the county.

The 76th New York Volunteer Infantry was one of the most famous of the New York units in the Civil War. It was raised in 1861 primarily from Cortland County and the surrounding areas (about a third of the men were from the Cherry Valley area). The 76th was in most of the major battles the Army of the Potomac fought from Second Bull Run through Petersburg, at which time the three-year enlistment of most of the men ran out and the 300 or so men remaining from the 1,100 who left Cortland either returned home or transferred to other units.

At the Battle of Gettysburg, the 76th New York was one of the first infantry regiments on the field, holding down the extreme right of the Union line on the first day. The regiment took huge casualties in that battle - nearly one-third of its strength - including its commander Major Andrew J. Grover, the first infantry officer killed in the battle.

Modern Cortland County

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Today, Cortland county is noted for the production of CNC milling machines, hospitality supplies, medical instruments and components, textiles, electronic components, plastic consumer goods, components for NASA, and a variety of other goods and services. International exporting is an integral part of many of the corporations in the area.

The county's present reflects its past. Agribusiness flourishes, yet consistent with the pattern elsewhere in New York State, the number of farms has declined while farm size and yield have increased. Continued growth in the service and light industry sectors is contributing to the growing strength of the Central New York region and the Southern Tier region.

The loss of many of its local businesses has led to the current economic decline of the region. Cornell University, Syracuse University, Binghamton University, and Ithaca College are all within a 45-minute drive of the City of Cortland. The State University of New York College at Cortland and Tompkins Cortland Community College are located in the county.

Government and politics

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United States presidential election results for Cortland County, New York[5]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 10,789 49.77% 10,370 47.83% 520 2.40%
2016 9,900 48.90% 8,771 43.33% 1,573 7.77%
2012 8,695 44.31% 10,482 53.41% 447 2.28%
2008 9,678 44.15% 11,861 54.11% 381 1.74%
2004 11,613 51.02% 10,670 46.88% 477 2.10%
2000 9,857 47.56% 9,691 46.76% 1,178 5.68%
1996 7,606 39.11% 9,130 46.94% 2,713 13.95%
1992 7,782 37.32% 7,815 37.48% 5,254 25.20%
1988 10,934 58.26% 7,673 40.88% 162 0.86%
1984 13,691 67.70% 6,438 31.83% 95 0.47%
1980 9,885 54.77% 6,176 34.22% 1,987 11.01%
1976 11,222 61.32% 6,947 37.96% 131 0.72%
1972 12,885 70.97% 5,234 28.83% 37 0.20%
1968 10,209 60.76% 5,791 34.47% 801 4.77%
1964 6,149 35.61% 11,110 64.33% 11 0.06%
1960 12,305 67.48% 5,921 32.47% 9 0.05%
1956 14,085 79.59% 3,612 20.41% 0 0.00%
1952 13,985 77.32% 4,079 22.55% 24 0.13%
1948 10,433 68.27% 4,614 30.19% 236 1.54%
1944 10,450 67.68% 4,967 32.17% 24 0.16%
1940 12,233 70.26% 5,147 29.56% 31 0.18%
1936 11,718 70.43% 4,606 27.69% 313 1.88%
1932 9,859 67.60% 4,425 30.34% 301 2.06%
1928 11,960 75.37% 3,662 23.08% 247 1.56%
1924 10,032 76.93% 2,170 16.64% 839 6.43%
1920 9,606 76.75% 2,541 20.30% 369 2.95%
1916 4,521 59.21% 2,693 35.27% 422 5.53%
1912 2,959 39.99% 2,283 30.86% 2,157 29.15%
1908 5,090 62.26% 2,616 32.00% 470 5.75%
1904 5,222 63.34% 2,649 32.13% 373 4.52%
1900 4,895 60.99% 2,773 34.55% 358 4.46%
1896 4,939 63.39% 2,574 33.04% 278 3.57%
1892 4,134 53.57% 2,907 37.67% 676 8.76%
1888 4,732 55.97% 3,163 37.41% 560 6.62%
1884 4,042 55.35% 2,774 37.98% 487 6.67%

Cortland County is a bellwether county, having voted for the national winner in every presidential election from 1980 to 2016. The city of Cortland itself, the largest city in the county, leans Democratic.

Republican Ronald Reagan scored landslide wins in the county in 1980 and 1984. Democrat Bill Clinton carried the county with pluralities in 1992 and 1996. Republican George W. Bush carried the county in 2000 and 2004, defeating Al Gore by less than 1% in 2000, and John Kerry by just over 4% in 2004. In 2008, Barack Obama defeated John McCain 54-45%, and in 2012 he defeated Mitt Romney by a similar margin.[6] The last Democrat to win a majority in Cortland County prior to Obama was Lyndon Johnson in 1964.

In 2020, Cortland County's streak of voting for the winner ended, as Joe Biden defeated Republican incumbent Donald Trump. Had the streak continued, it would have been tied with Clallam County, Washington for the longest active streak in the nation, as the streaks of longstanding bellwethers Valencia County, New Mexico and Vigo County, Indiana also ended in 2020. Cortland was one of five counties in the state that Trump carried by less than 500 votes.

Cortland County's lawmaking body is the legislature, which consists of 17 members. All are elected from single member districts.

Geography

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According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 502 square miles (1,300 km2), of which 499 square miles (1,290 km2) is land and 2.8 square miles (7.3 km2) (0.5%) is water.[7]

Cortland County is sometimes considered to be part of Central New York and Southern Tier regions of New York and is also somewhat to the southwest of the center of New York, south of Syracuse and north of Binghamton.

Adjacent counties

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Major highways

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Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18108,869—
182016,50786.1%
183023,79144.1%
184024,6073.4%
185025,1402.2%
186026,2944.6%
187025,173−4.3%
188025,8252.6%
189028,65711.0%
190027,576−3.8%
191029,2496.1%
192029,6251.3%
193031,7097.0%
194033,6686.2%
195037,15810.4%
196041,11310.6%
197045,89411.6%
198048,8206.4%
199048,9630.3%
200048,599−0.7%
201049,3361.5%
202046,809−5.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[8]
1790-1960[9] 1900-1990[10]
1990-2000[11] 2010-2020[2]

2020 Census

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Cortland County Racial Composition[12]
Race Num. Perc.
White (NH) 40,801 87.16%
Black or African American (NH) 829 1.8%
Native American (NH) 113 0.24%
Asian (NH) 1,018 2.17%
Pacific Islander (NH) 6 0.01%
Other/Mixed (NH) 2,384 5.1%
Hispanic or Latino 1,658 3.54%

2000 census

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As of the census[13] of 2000, there were 48,599 people, 18,210 households, and 11,617 families residing in the county. The population density was 97 people per square mile (37 people/km2). There were 20,116 housing units at an average density of 40 units per square mile (15/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 96.95% White, 0.86% Black or African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.32% from other races, and 1.18% from two or more races. 1.16% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 17.3% were of English, 16.9% Irish, 14.2% German, 13.0% Italian and 9.9% American ancestry according to Census 2000. 96.0% spoke English and 1.4% Spanish as their first language.

There were 18,210 households, out of which 31.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.20% were married couples living together, 10.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.20% were non-families. 26.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.70% under the age of 18, 15.50% from 18 to 24, 26.50% from 25 to 44, 21.80% from 45 to 64, and 12.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 93.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.00 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $34,364, and the median income for a family was $42,204. Males had a median income of $30,814 versus $22,166 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,622. About 9.30% of families and 15.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.40% of those under age 18 and 10.80% of those age 65 or over.

As of 2014 the largest self-reported ancestry groups in Cortland County, New York were:

  • English - 17.7%
  • Irish - 12.9%
  • German - 11.9%
  • Italian - 8.8%
  • "American" - 6.9%
  • French (except Basque) - 2.8%
  • Dutch - 2.7%
  • Polish - 2.2%
  • Scottish - 2.1%[14]

As of 2015 the largest self-reported ancestry groups in Cortland County, New York were:

  • English - 18.8%
  • Irish - 12.3%
  • German - 10.8%
  • Italian - 8.1%
  • "American" - 7.3%
  • Dutch - 2.5%
  • Scottish - 2.3%
  • French (except Basque) - 2.2%
  • Polish - 2.1%[15]

As of 2016 the largest self-reported ancestry groups in Cortland County, New York were:

  • English - 19.8%
  • Irish - 11.9%
  • German - 10.2%
  • Italian - 8.0%
  • "American" - 6.9%
  • Dutch - 2.4%
  • Scottish - 2.0%
  • French (except Basque) - 2.3%
  • Polish - 2.1%[16]

Education

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Area schools include:

Communities

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Larger settlements

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# Location Population Type Town(s) within
1 †Cortland 19,204 City Cortlandville
2 Homer 3,291 Village Cortlandville, Homer
3 Munsons Corners 2,728 CDP Cortlandville
4 Cortland West 1,356 CDP Cortlandville
5 McGraw 1,053 Village Cortlandville
6 Marathon 919 Village Marathon
7 Blodgett Mills 303 CDP Cortlandville
8 Virgil 298 CDP Virgil

Towns

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Notable people

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "US Census 2020 Population Dataset Tables for New York". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
  2. ^ a b "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Cortland County, New York". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
  3. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  4. ^ "Cortland". The State of New York. Retrieved March 30, 2020. The Cortland variety of apple is named for the county.
  5. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
  6. ^ "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections - State Data".
  7. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on May 19, 2014. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
  8. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
  9. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Archived from the original on August 11, 2012. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
  10. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
  11. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
  12. ^ "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Cortland County, New York".
  13. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  14. ^ Bureau, U.S. Census. "American FactFinder - Results". factfinder.census.gov. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2018. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  15. ^ Bureau, U.S. Census. "American FactFinder - Results". factfinder.census.gov. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2018. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  16. ^ Bureau, U.S. Census. "American FactFinder - Results". factfinder.census.gov. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2018. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)

Further reading

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42°36′N 76°04′W / 42.60°N 76.07°W / 42.60; -76.07

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